Around the world, water is considered a fundamental factor, and plays a role in public health and economic growth. Both the water development rates and the proportion of the population are directly related to water needs. Water quality regarding physiochemistry and microbiology is important in dietary needs. Drinking water is considered one of the most important food products. Therefore, the water should meet the recommended quality standards. So, it should be free of bacteria, parasites, all kinds of microorganisms, and chemical substances which are dangerous to human health. This research focused on five cities of the Alkalaa Municipal Community, which forms 43% of the inhabitants of this community, in the Bint Jbeil district south of Lebanon. The goal of this study is to determine the fundamental physicochemical and microbiological water properties of eight distinct sites, as well as the amount of pollution. These tests were carried out in accordance with World Health Organization criteria (WHO). The collected data were utilized to assess the level of pollution in the examined zone.

Lebanon’s natural water resources are facing serious problems and approaches exhaustion. One of these issues is deteriorating performance, which is linked to unregulated resource planning and rising demand. There are many different types of consumption, such as residential, industrial, and irrigation. Surface and groundwater are both referred to designate water resources. However, due to the obvious accessibility of exploitation, surface water resources such as rivers, lakes, and basins are primarily used. The Ras El-Ain basin is 6 km far south of Tyr, Lebanon. The Lebanese state dedicated it, along with other reservoirs, to supply potable water for Tyr and the surrounding villages. Today, these basins’ water quality has deteriorated significantly because of unrestricted liquid and soil waste dumping. As a result, contaminants develop in the basin water. Aside from laboratory testing for water quality, contamination can be seen through direct observations, odors, watercolors, and patterns. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of pollution in the Ras El-Ain basin. This basin has been progressively subjected to a variety of quality degradation characteristics. This includes the most important physiochemical properties. As a result, the physicochemical and microbiological water characteristics of five selected samples from each basin were tested. These tests were performed in accordance with European Standard Methods and World Health Organization guidelines (WHO). The effect of pollutant disposal in the Ras El-Ain basin was studied using multivariate approaches. The obtained results were used to evaluate the pollution degree in various regions of the basin.