Continuous blood purification successfully treated a fatal cytokine
release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity
syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: case report
Abstract
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and Immune effector Cell-Associated
Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS) after Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T
cell treatment are common, and severe CRS (sCRS) could be life
threatening. IL-6 receptor antibody and steroid are recommended for CRS,
but no clear strategies exist for steroid-resistant sCRS. Thus, this
study reported a case of resistance to tocilizumab and pulse therapy of
methylprednisolone while suffering from grade 4 CRS and ICANS. After
plasma exchange for two times and continuous renal replacement treatment
combined with ruxolitinib, the patient survived with only renal injury,
and achieved complete remission with negative minimal residual disease.