We present a novel adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for efficiently solving a continuous Galerkin formulation of the 2D Maxwell Eigenvalue Problem over quadrilateral discretizations. The algorithm harnesses a Refinement-by-Superposition framework with support for anisotropic hp-adaptivity. Following a brief summary of the underlying methodology, we develop a novel approach to directing and deploying intelligent fully anisotropic hp-refinements. Numerical examples targeting the Maxwell Eigenvalue problem verify the ability to achieve exponential rates of convergence on a challenging benchmark and demonstrate that including anisotropic refinement yields a significant enhancement of computational efficiency. The success of this algorithm, along with the simplicity of the underlying Refinement-by-Superposition approach, creates a promising path for implementing highly efficient yet lightweight finite element method (FEM) codes for a variety of applications in computational electromagnetics (CEM) and elsewhere.

FEM_2D is an open-source Finite Element Method library implemented in Rust. This MetaPaper describes some of the libraries basic functionality, as well as its unique contributions to the FEM research community. This package exhibits a powerful *hp*-refinement API with anisotropic refinements and no constraints on mesh irregularity. It also leverages Rust’s Trait-Based Genericism to provide straightforward application to many problem domains. This library has been featured in some recent research in Computational Electromagnetics (see references), depicting the validity of the underlying methodology. FEM_2D has been made available as an open-source library with the intention of providing additional explanatory value to the existing related research, as well as to facilitate the expansion of this research area

We present an application of fully anisotropic hp-adaptivity over quadrilateral meshes for H(curl)-conforming discretizations in Computational Electromagnetics (CEM). Traditionally, anisotropic h-adaptivity has been difficult to implement under the constraints of the Continuous Galerkin Formulation; however, Refinement-by-Superposition (RBS) facilitates anisotropic mesh adaptivity with great ease. We present a general discussion of the theoretical considerations involved with implementing fully anisotropic hp-refinement, as well as an in-depth discussion of the practical considerations for 2-D FEM. Moreover, to demonstrate the benefits of both anisotropic h- and p-refinement, we study the 2-D Maxwell eigenvalue problem as a test case. The numerical results indicate that fully anisotropic refinement can provide significant gains in efficiency, even in the presence of singular behavior, substantially reducing the number of degrees of freedom required for the same accuracy with isotropic hp-refinement. This serves to bolster the relevance of RBS and full hp-adaptivity to a wide array of academic and industrial applications in CEM