The 2-D structure of graphene, an allotrope of carbon with remarkable characteristics, is revolutionizing the technology world. This article provides a synopsis of three popular methods for graphene synthesis. The mechanical exfoliation method attempts to separate graphene layers from bulk graphite and is used for small-scale production. The next method is the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis, which uses a reaction between a gaseous hydrocarbon and a solid substrate to promote graphene growth. Finally, the modified Hummer’s method involves the use of oxidizing and reducing agents to obtain graphene oxide (GO) from graphene flakes under low-temperature conditions from which graphene is synthesized as the final product.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanoscale hollow tubes of carbon atoms with their unique characteristics, have been revolutionizing the technology world because their unique structural and electrical properties make them ideal for a wide variety of nanotechnology-based applications. This article gives a synopsis of three prevalent methods of CNT synthesis. The field of nanotechnology and nanoscience promote their investigation forward to produce CNTs with acceptable parameters for future applications. Therefore, new approaches to their synthesis need to be developed and optimized. Throughout this paper, the history, the types, the structure, and the distinct well-developed synthesis methods for preparing CNTs will be reviewed, including arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).