According to a UN report, India’s population is expected to reach 1.73 billion by 2050, with 25% of people leaving farming due to urbanization. However, we will require 70% more food than we do today by 2050. The Global Citizen’s Alliance (GCA) report states that India has only 4% of the world’s water resources, despite being home to 16% of the world’s population. Due to droughts and floods, irrigation is highly unpredictable. Furthermore, we need more water for irrigation than the US and China combined, due to mismanagement of water resources. Old farming practices must be changed urgently to address these challenges. Smart farming is a promising solution that utilizes the latest technology to achieve higher yields than conventional farming. With the help of AI and predictive analysis tools, scientists can predict diseases before they occur. The authors of this paper suggest that IoT is the best technology to ensure the quantity and quality of food. Precision irrigation and micro irrigation have replaced conventional irrigation in farms and greenhouses. In addition, wireless sensors have been used to track animals and analyze their behavior, leading to better livestock management. Farmers can remotely monitor their fields and cattle houses through mobile apps and take necessary actions with automation and robotics. In summary, this paper highlights the need for technology to address the challenges of food and water security in India. Smart farming techniques such as precision and micro irrigation, as well as the use of AI, predictive analysis, and IoT, can help us achieve higher yields and ensure food quality and quantity.
