This article surveys the latest developments in the technological landscape that enables remote health care. First, the most important technologies that are crucial for remote health care such as 5G, medical IoT, big data analytics, machine learning, and distributed ledger technologies, etc., are outlined, and then a thorough survey on those technologies with latest state-of-the-art applications in remote health care is conducted. Furthermore, very important research challenges and future research directions are laid out to initiate further research on those very important technologies that enable remote health care.

Intelligent networking of machines, processes and robots in the Industry 5.0 era enables automated decision-making and efficient operations. Situational awareness (SitAw) lies at the core of the development, providing understanding of what is happening around us. It uses inputs from sensors and humans and provides the ability for robots to survive in an uncertain environment. This paper defines the situational awareness system and the general SitAw architecture and shows how it can be applied to numerous use cases. We discuss time-scales of operation and show how real-time and non-real-time information are simultaneously used to provide real-time services. Predictive capabilities and ability to react to anomalies are essential part of proactive and safe operations. In contrast to typical focus on short range wireless connectivity, we highlight the importance of satellite technologies as an enabler in many application areas including smart farming, mobile robot swarms and autonomous shipping. Future research directions including three-dimensional SitAw and industrial metaverse are given.

The integration of satellite and terrestrial networks have become inevitable in the next generations of communications networks due to emerging needs of ubiquitous connectivity of remote locations. New and existing services and critical infrastructures in remote locations in sea, land and space will be seamlessly connected through a diverse set of terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication technologies. However, the integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial systems will open both systems to unique security challenges that can arise due to the migration of security challenges from one to another. Similarly, security challenges can also arise due to the incompatibility of distinct systems or incoherence of security policies. The resulting security implications, thus, can be highly consequential due to the criticality of the infrastructures such as space stations, autonomous ships, and aeroplanes, for instance. Therefore, in this article we study existing security challenges in satellite-terrestrial communication systems and discuss potential solutions for those challenges. Furthermore, we provide important research directions to stir future research on existing security gaps in this direction.