This paper presents the dynamic response of cantilever beam on fractional-order nonlinear viscoelastic foundation subjected to Gaussian white noise. The control equations of the cantilever beam on viscoelastic foundation are established using Hamilton's principle. The problem is solved using the shifted Chebyshev polynomial algorithm, and the control equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. Numerical examples analyse the correction error and the second norm error, confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm in solving such problems. Furthermore, the algorithm's robustness was verified by comparing the responses of Gaussian white noise and non-Gaussian white noise cantilever beam on the viscoelastic foundation. The study examined the impact of various loads and parameters on the cantilever beam, as well as the effect of different harmonic loads on its stress. The research results are in line with the existing literature. These studies offer valuable guidance for practical engineering and enhance comprehension of the dynamic response of cantilevers on foundation in complex environments.