Background: Document forgery poses a significant challenge to the integrity of sensitive documents and necessitates the development of advanced anti-forgery techniques. This study explored the integration of piezoelectric nanomaterials, specifically zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires and barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles, into document fibers for enhanced forgery detection. Methods: This review examines the superior mechanical properties of ZnO nanowires and the high dielectric constant, piezoelectricity, and ferroelectricity of BaTiO3 nanoparticles, making them suitable for embedding within document fibers. Advanced scanning probe techniques, such as piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM), and electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), have been used to characterize the electrical properties and structural integrity of nanomaterials. Results: Embedding piezoelectric nanomaterials within document fibers enables the detection of tampering through changes in electrical properties, providing a non-invasive and highly sensitive forgery detection method. This study highlights the importance of optimizing the manufacturing processes, developing rigorous measurement protocols, and exploring alternative piezoelectric nanomaterials. Conclusions: The integration of piezoelectric nanomaterials into document fibers is a promising approach for addressing the persistent challenges of document forgery. Future research should focus on refining manufacturing techniques, improving measurement accuracy, and expanding the applications to various sensitive documents.