This study investigates the issue of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in Doppler Weather Radar systems employed by the India Meteorological Department (IMD).IMD utilizes a range of radar systems operating in S-Band, C-Band, and X-Band frequencies to monitor precipitation, intensity, movement and type (rain, hail, snow, etc.). These radar systems rely on the extrapolation of radar backscattered echoes and numerical model predictions, integrated with radar data, to forecast weather phenomena and location. Notably, transmitted signals are quite powerful (800 kW), the received echo signal by the RADAR antenna is relatively weak (~3-16 W). Raindrops are typically 0.5–5 mm in diameter with distance between two raindrops ~5cm, due to which, a small fraction of transmitted energy hits the raindrops and is scattered back. Consequently, a weather radar system performs its functions with high sensitivity while navigating for the target in the dynamically changing electromagnetic environment. However, as electricity within a circuit is never absolutely enclosed, electronic devices inevitably emit some amount of electromagnetic radiation, which can interfere with weather radar signals when emitted at the same or nearby close frequency. This interference can disrupt measurements and distort output images, potentially displaying spokes, spots, or stripes that limit the value of radar pictures. Moreover, electromagnetic emissions within the transmitter chain can impact the transmitter's performance by introducing spurious and harmonics in the pulse shape. This paper examines the nature of the problem faced by S-Band Doppler RADAR systems used by IMD across India and discusses potential techniques for mitigating the issue.issue.

The wind rose is a vital tool in aviation, used to analyze and determine the optimal orientation for runways at airports. This graphic representation of wind direction and frequency provides essential data for assessing prevailing wind patterns and their variations throughout the year. By integrating wind rose data, airport planners and engineers can design runways that minimize crosswind impacts and enhance takeoff and landing safety. This paper explores the methodology of using wind roses in runway orientation decisions, including the interpretation of wind direction frequencies and their implications for runway alignment.

A novel, compact multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design, occupying a mere 25 × 39 mm², is proposed for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. This innovative antenna comprises dual square-shaped radiating elements and a modified T-shaped stub, incorporating a vertical slot to mitigate mutual coupling. Key performance metrics, including impedance matching, inter-port mutual coupling, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and correlation coefficient, are scrutinized. Simulation outcomes reveal an impressive impedance bandwidth spanning 2.5 to 11.8 GHz (S₁₁ ≤-10 dB), accompanied by an exceptionally low envelope correlation coefficient (<0.002) across the entire frequency spectrum. Notably, inter-element isolation exceeds-23 dB throughout the operational band. The proposed UWB MIMO antenna efficiently covers prominent frequency bands, encompassing WCDMA, WLAN, WiMax and UWB, making it an attractive solution for multi-standard wireless communication systems.

Airport operational efficiency is significantly enhanced by the accurate prediction of meteorological conditions. It enables safe and effective air traffic control both en-route and on the ground. Aerodrome systems demand continuous operation, which means that they regularly generate a lot of data thus verifying a forecast's value, consistency and quality is the aim of forecast verification. If a forecast accurately predicts the observed conditions based on objective or subjective criteria, it is considered high quality. A forecast's usefulness in aviation is crucial since it directly affects operational regularity, economy and safety. When the predicted value is within predetermined bounds, the forecast is validated as "correct" or otherwise "incorrect". At present, real time verification is conducted for every component of TAF, TREND forecast, takeoff forecast, area/local forecast and aerodrome warnings and light aircraft warnings. This study assesses the accuracy of the performance-based analysis of the forecasting system of the India Meteorological Department for aviation meteorology as verified with the Meteorological Aerodrome Report (METAR) in conformity with the ICAO's prescribed standards. The evaluation is done over the period from January 2018 to December 2023. The purpose of the analysis is to help duty officers of aerodrome weather forecasts by providing them with insights from previous operations.