The article discusses the main advancements and discoveries regarding the application of graphene (Gr) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in batteries and supercapacitors, highlighting how these materials have revolutionized the field of energy storage. The main findings of the work include the confirmation that graphene and GQDs significantly improve the efficiency, storage capacity, and stability of energy devices. The study found that GQDs and supercapacitors made of graphene can achieve amazing capacitances, like 566 F/g, and keep up to 95% of their capacity after 2,000 charge and discharge cycles. In lithium-ion batteries, the incorporation of these nanomaterials has resulted in capacities of up to 2,882 mAh/g, demonstrating a substantial improvement in energy density and battery lifespan. The study also identified the most effective synthesis methods, such as chemical oxidation and hydrothermal processes, and optimized them to produce high-quality graphene and GQDs, thereby directly impacting the devices’ performance. The study also revealed that the integration of graphene and GQDs is driving the exponential growth of the supercapacitor and battery market, projected to reach values of up to 12.37 billion dollars and 500.5 billion dollars, respectively, by 2032. The article concludes that these materials play a fundamental role in the evolution of energy storage technologies, with the potential to shape the future of energy sustainability and technological innovation.