Ankush Sagwal

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The Nakora Ring Complex (NRC) (732 Ma) is a part of the Malani Igneous Suite (MIS) in Rajasthan, India. This complex has three phases (1) intrusive (2) extrusive (3) dyke. Geochemically, the Nakora granites are categorized as peralkaline, metaluminous, and slightly peraluminous, which indicates the characteristics of A-type granites with distinct variations in SiO2. The peralkaline granites mostly consist of SiO2, total alkalies, TiO2, MgO, Ni, Rb, Y, La, Th, U, Zr, Sr, Ce, Nd, Eu, and Yb, and lower concentrations of Al2O3, total iron, Cu and Zn. This composition suggests that the emplacement of the lava flows was governed by complex magmatic processes, including partial melting, magma mixing, crustal contamination, fractional crystallization, and assimilation. The magmatism at NRC began with minor basalt flows and was followed by extensive rhyolite-trachyte flows. Ripple marks in the tuffaceous rhyolite flow indicate aqueous conditions during deposition. The aluminium content is ≥1 for peralkaline granites and <1 for peraluminous and metaluminous granites. Nakora peralkaline granites were emplaced at depths of 16–28 km and temperature of 480–840℃, under pressures between 4 to 7 kb, suggesting a high fluorine content. Basalt–trachyte–rhyolite association recommends a significant heat transfer to the crust from the magma chamber before eruption. Geochemical, field, and petrological data indicates that NRC granites were formed from partial melting of the crustal rocks due to heat from a mantle plume and controlled by a NE–SW tectonic lineament and intersected by radial dyke patterns. The emplacement of these granites and associated volcanics is influenced by ring structures, indicative of plume activity and cauldron subsidence, which point to an extensional tectonic environment.