Garrett Li

and 5 more

    Project Shooting Interplanetary Garbage: Material Ablation conducts an in-depthanalysis of the solutions for space debris in Earth’s orbit. This work focuses on de-orbitingman-made debris between one and ten centimeters present within Low Earth Orbit. Withhundreds of thousands of objects around this size, each moving at high speeds of ten kilometersper second, even the smallest pieces can cause massive damage to satellite communicationsystems and other spacecraft.    Solutions for space debris can be categorized as either mitigation or remediation.Mitigation strategies involve preventing, avoiding, or protecting against space debris. However,actively moving or using the debris, known as remediation, is a more long-term and effectivesolution. Our plan is remedial and focuses on de-orbiting current space debris, causing it toburn up in Earth’s atmosphere. Of the various options we researched, the space-based laser wasthe most viable due to its combination of low price and superior performance. Our satellitewould be equipped with an excimer laser set on the NASA Robotic Servicing Arm. A convexlens would collimate and reduce the divergence of the laser beam. By firing powerful, 248nanometer pulses of ultraviolet light at debris, ablation would occur, slowing the target downand causing it to de-orbit significantly sooner. In order to power this laser, solar panels wouldbe stationed on each side of the spacecraft, thus supplying the energy needed to power the laseractivities.    We simulated a model of space debris by creating a graph of particles with differentpositions and orbital velocities, with one being the moving satellite and the rest representingorbiting debris. Our algorithm identified the distance to the closest debris and the angle thatthe laser had to be positioned to hit the debris, which was represented by a line drawn betweenthe particle and the satellite. Ultimately, as more spacecraft are launched into space, the risk ofcollisions increases. Orbital debris remains problematic and this proposed laser-based satellitewould be an efficient and inexpensive solution.