IntroductionPorokeratosis (PK) is an epidermal disorder of keratinization caused by mevalonate pathway abnormalities. 1 Different clinical subtypes of PK are described. The common types include disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis, porokeratosis of Mibelli, and Linear porokeratosis. Disseminated superficial porokeratosis, eruptive disseminated porokeratosis, porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminate, punctate porokeratosis, porokeratosis ptychotropica, penoscrotal porokeratosis, and Follicular porokeratosis (FPK) are the less common types of PK. 2 The clinical appearance, predilection site, and symptoms vary in various forms of PK.2 Cornoid lamella is the common histopathologic feature in all types of PK. 1, 2Follicular porokeratosis is a rare form of PK, characterized by the cornoid lamella filling the hair follicle infundibulum.3 Follicular porokeratosis may be concomitant with other PK forms 4 or occurs as pure FPK.5 Although most of the FPK cases are localized lesions3, 6-9, more diffuse distribution of lesions is reported in a few patients. 5, 10 The scalp is not a common site for FPK 3, 5, 11, and according to available sources, only one of the scalp FPK cases caused alopecia.5 Although diabetes mellitus type 2 accompanied some cases of porokeratosis 12, 13, we could not find any case of FPK associated with diabetes mellitus.Herein, we report a case of extensive FPK with spicules that caused alopecia of the scalp hair in a diabetic woman.

The conversion of forests to agricultural land, primarily driven by human activities, is a key factor in land degradation. Although the impacts of land degradation on ecosystem functions are well-documented, the relationship between land degradation and carbon and nitrogen content, as well as certain biochemical indices, has not been thoroughly investigated. To fill this knowledge gap, this study examined the responses of microbial biomass, microbial respiration, and activity to soil organic carbon, soil depth, and land use change (LUC), from forest to agriculture. The research was conducted in three different land use types (Forest, Converted, and Agriculture) with two soil depths (0–30 and 30–60 cm) under uniform climatic and topographical conditions in the Northeastern Mediterranean Karst ecosystems along the southern coast of Türkiye. Analysis of a total of 180 soil samples showed that there are significant differences in the chemical and biochemical properties of soils according to land use type and soil depth. In particular, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial carbon, microbial nitrogen, and microbial respiration were higher in the topsoil (0–30 cm depth) of the forest areas. Agricultural areas, in contrast, exhibit significantly lower levels of SOC (10%), TN (10%), C mic (26%), N mic (17%), and MR (6%) compared to converted areas, placing them in the same group based on Tukey’s HSD test. Chemical and biochemical soil properties and stoichiometric indices in the study areas varied significantly with soil depth (Table [2](#tbl-cap-0002)) and showed a decreasing trend through soil depth except for CaCO 3 (%), C mic/N mic, and qCO 2. Our findings also reveal that stoichiometric indices, such as C mic/N mic and qMic, are highly sensitive indicators of land-use change. These findings indicate that human-induced land degradation negatively impacts carbon and nitrogen storage as well as sensitive microbial indicators in the topsoil.

“‘latex This article gives the author’s perspective on the history of the development of the Molecular Symmetry (MS) group. It explains how the initial work of Hougen, that was developed for nonlinear rigid molecules, inspired Longuet-Higgins to introduce nuclear permutations and the inversion as the fundamental elements of molecular symmetry. The symmetry group that is obtained applies to all molecules, rigid or nonrigid. The criticism of Altmann, and the rebuttal of that work by Watson.is described. Altmann’s work had the unfortunate effect of delaying the appreciation of Longuet-Higgins ideas…

Objective – To evaluate parents’ psychological distress and emotional suppression in the antenatal and postnatal periods of a pregnancy following a perinatal death. Design – Questionnaire. Setting – Tertiary Maternity Unit in the UK. Sample – Parents who were pregnant and attending a specialist antenatal clinic for pregnancy after loss. Methods – Partners and mothers completed questionnaire measures which evaluated their levels of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress (PTS) and emotional suppression at 23 and 32 weeks’ gestation, and 6 weeks postnatally. Levels were plotted over time and examined to determine if there were significant changes between time points. The proportion of partners and mothers scoring above threshold for each measure was identified, and differences in scores between mothers and partners were examined. Main outcome measures – Psychological distress and emotional suppression Results – Parents’ depression levels significantly decreased after the birth of a live baby and anxiety levels significantly decreased for mothers but not partners. PTS did not change across the course of a pregnancy, and symptoms continued into the postnatal period for mothers. Partners are more likely to hide their emotions during pregnancy than mothers. Conclusion – Both parents who have experienced a prior perinatal death are likely to experience high levels of psychological distress in a subsequent pregnancy which may continue into the postnatal period. Specialist mental health support offered within a dedicated pregnancy after loss service is one way to support parents. Further research is needed to determine whether psychological distress impacts on parent-child bonding.

Exposure to environmentally-transmitted parasites should increase with population density due to accumulation of infective parasites in space. However, resource competition also increases with density, lowering immunity and increasing susceptibility, offering an alternative pathway for density-dependent infection. To test the relationships between these two processes and parasitism, we examined associations between host density, resource availability, immunity, and counts of three common helminth parasites using a long-term study of red deer. We found evidence that immunity increased with resource availability while parasite counts declined with immunity. We also found that greater density correlated with reduced resource availability, and while density was positively associated with both strongyle and tissue worm burdens, resource availability was independently and negatively associated with the same burdens. Our results support separate roles of density-dependent exposure and susceptibility in driving infection, providing evidence that resource competition is an important driver of infection, exacerbating effects of density-dependent increases in exposure.

Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) is the main side-stream of the brewing industry with an annual production of 40 million tons of wet weight. BSG has a protein content of 15-30 % dry basis, which makes it an interesting material for protein extraction. Normally, extraction is performed under high temperatures or high alkaline conditions. In this study, microwave-assisted extraction, pulsed electric field, ultrasound, and ohmic heating were tested to extract proteins from BSG without pH adjustment (pH 6) or at pH 9. The extracts were further tested for their emulsifying activity. The results obtained showed that the use of ultrasound at pH 9 resulted in the highest protein content and protein recovery of 24.1 % and 58.6 %, respectively. Extracts produced from microwave-assisted extraction and ohmic heating could produce the smallest emulsion droplets; however, the stability of all emulsions was low. The present study highlights the potential of emerging technologies as an alternative to harsh solvent usage in order to extract BSG proteins.

The increasing amounts of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (EOL LIBs) require novel and safe solutions allowing for the minimisation of the health and environmental hazards. Arguably, the best approach to the problem of EOL LIBs is recycling and recovery of the metals contained within the cells. This allows the diversion of the EOL battery cells from the environment but also the recovery of precious metals that can be reused in the manufacturing of new products, allowing to reduce the requirements of virgin materials from the mining industry. The most significant hindrance to the recycling process of EOL LIBs is their unstable chemical nature and significant safety hazards related to opening the air-tight casings. To minimise these issues, the end-of-life cells must be stabilised in one of the few available ways. This review aims at a comprehensive presentation of the studied chemical methods of EOL LIB cells discharge and stabilisation. The advantages and disadvantages of the method and its variations are discussed based on the literature published to date. The literature review found that a significant number of authors make use of chemical stabilisation techniques without proper comprehension of the associated risks. Many authors focus solely on the cheapest and fastest way to stop a cell from producing an electrical charge without extra thought given to the downstream recycling processes of safety hazards related to the proposed stabilisation method. Only a few studies highlighted the risks and problems associated with chemical stabilisation techniques.

A case report of severe falciparum malaria-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) in Sudan

A case report of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN): infection-related or immune-related?Ayman Azhary *1, 2, \RLMohammed Taha3, Nooh Mohamed Hajhamed1, 2, Salahaldeen Ismail Mohammed1, Nouh Saad Mohamed2, Waleed Azhary Sir Alkhatim4 , Emmanuel Edwar Siddig5

Myocardial necrosis in a child after COVID-19; a case report

Restricted space use patterns are common in mobile organisms, yet an understanding of how such patterns are developed is lacking. We conceptualize the settlement process of home range formation as the discovery of patches and subsequent decision to return to them. We then test how forage quality and landscape structure influence this process. Using 5 years of data from reintroduced bison (n = 10), we found patch discovery was influenced by landscape structure, with lower traveling costs, larger patch size, and higher patch connectivity facilitating patch discovery. Once discovered, areas of high-quality were more likely incorporated into regular space use, especially if an individual had recently visited relatively high-quality areas. Overall, landscape structure mainly influenced patch discovery, while forage quality underlined space use refinement. Our work provides a mechanistic understanding of home range development, elucidating the iterative process of settlement as a function of both landscape structure and habitat quality.

The event-triggered group consistency problem of a class of second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) under denial of service attacks (DoS) is studied. The main contribution lies in the proposed group generation partition algorithm for multi-agents with directed network topology, which successfully solves the problem of multi-task assignment in complex networks. Then, the algorithm transforms the adjacency matrix into a standard diagonal type to reduce the algorithm complexity. A new adaptive event triggering mechanism (ETM) is designed using a fuzzy logic system for the directed network. The trigger threshold is adjusted by the relative motion trajectory between adjacent agents, the output feedback error of the agents, and the adaptive parameters of the fuzzy logic system, which can reduce the communication burden. Finally, the Lyapunov stability theory is used to prove the asymptotic stability and consistency of the closed-loop system, and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by two simulation examples.

Year after year, billions of long-distance migratory birds join year-round resident tropical birds during the overwintering period (dry season in the tropics) marked by harsh environmental conditions. The overlapping habitat use and apparent resource overlap during this time suggest potential interspecific competition between residents and migrants. Previous studies have explored the effects of such competition on migrants, but the impact on residents has been neglected. This review critically evaluates and summarizes the findings in the literature about interactions between migratory and resident birds in tropical ecosystems, using the necessary and sufficient conditions recommended by Dhondt 2012 to assess interspecific competition. This review reveals that interspecific territoriality, consistent aggression (interference competition), and alterations in foraging behavior and microhabitat impacted resident birds. High dietary overlap observed in some species pairs suggests potential exploitation competition, although our understanding of year-round residents’ diets and the full scope of these interactions remains limited. The complexity of these relationships underscores the need for comprehensive research to disentangle seasonal effects from competitive pressures and to assess impacts on resident fitness, distribution, and abundance. Inconsistent methodologies and inadequate spatio-temporal scales have hindered a clear understanding of this phenomenon. We emphasize the importance of long-term studies, including observations before and after migrant arrival at wintering grounds, to detect shifts in resource availability and foraging niches. Given climate change’s influence on migration patterns and food resources, elucidating these biotic interactions is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies for resident tropical avifauna. Particularly, as many resident birds exhibit high levels of endemism, higher sedentarism, and specialized foraging habits, they may be more vulnerable to ecological changes than migrants, who are more flexible, generally occupying broader foraging niches. This review highlights critical knowledge gaps and proposes directions for future research to enhance our understanding of migrant-resident bird dynamics in tropical ecosystems.

Abstract

Multibody simulation (MBS) is an established method for modeling wind turbines for purposes such as load calculation. While capable of modeling wind turbines at high levels of detail, large MBS models can be computationally expensive. This makes deployment for real-time critical use cases like digital twins difficult. Machine learning models can be a faster alternative because they only capture relevant details and scale well with parallelization. In this paper, a real-time capable surrogate model is developed with the goal of capturing the operating mode and the tower oscillations of an MBS model. Firstly, several machine learning models based on different architectures are being scaled so that they can be evaluated within the available computational budget. The selected models are being trained on the MBS results. The trained models are being run in a loop with the turbine’s controller and an optional numerical tower oscillator to create the surrogate model. All tested models show good convergence behavior and high R 2 values during training. However, running the models in the surrogate environment proves more difficult as some models diverge from the expected results. The best performing model in the surrogate environment is determined using quantitative criteria.

Cannabidiol, a major non-psychoactive constituent of cannabis, has generated interest as a novel therapeutic for managing several pathological conditions including chronic pain and opioid use disorder. Here, we evaluated the effects of cannabidiol (3.2 or 10.0 mg kg-1) on the antinociceptive and the reward-related effects of the opioid analgesic oxycodone (0.56 mg kg-1) in rats using an operant pain assay, locomotor activity monitoring, and the conditioned place preference paradigm. We also assessed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between cannabidiol and oxycodone in plasma and brain. Cannabidiol enhanced the antinociceptive effect of oxycodone without affecting oxycodone-induced behavioral sensitization, or the acquisition and expression of oxycodone conditioned place preference. Cannabidiol coadministration with oxycodone reduced levels of the oxycodone metabolite noroxycodone in the plasma and increased levels of oxycodone in the brain, while oxycodone coadministration increased levels of the cannabidiol metabolite 7-carboxycannabidiol in plasma. Rats that received oxycodone generally showed higher levels of biogenic amines across the brain, whereas those administered cannabidiol alone or oxycodone plus cannabidiol showed similarly lower levels. This indicates coadministration of cannabidiol has central neurochemical actions distinct from administration of oxycodone alone. Together, these findings suggest that cannabidiol potentiates the analgesic effects of oxycodone without affecting its reward-related properties, and this dichotomy appears to be due to complex pharmacological interactions between cannabidiol and oxycodone in the brain. As such, cannabidiol may hold promise as an opioid sparing approach to managing pain.

Incomplete characterization of cryptic species complexes in pollinator communities can limit our understanding of ecosystem function, population dynamics, effects of environmental perturbations, and conservation planning. Molecular tools to distinguish morphologically identical bee species are therefore necessary but require refinement and validation to make robust inferences. Here we present newly developed primers and demonstrate their successful use for identification of two cryptic bee species, Halictus ligatus and Halictus poeyi, with overlapping ranges in the mid-Atlantic USA. We found that H. ligatus is present at higher elevations while H. poeyi is present at lower elevations, with both species present at three sample sites in central North Carolina, USA. The data generated in this study was combined with publicly available sequence data and analyzed to make inferences about the species ranges of these two bees in the Western Hemisphere. These clarified species distributions help us better understand local pollinator communities, associated habitat features, and abiotic conditions amenable to each, as well as provide insights into patterns related to their speciation.

The island ecosystem, due to its inherent fragility, is highly susceptible to both natural disturbances and human activity, resulting in fragmented habitats for island plant populations. This study investigates the population structure and dynamics of Heliotropium arboreum in such fragmented environments, aiming to understand its survival and adaptability. We selected six H. arboreum populations across different habitats, analyzing their diameter class structures, static life tables, and survival curves through a field survey using sample line investigations. Structural and dynamic characteristics of each population were examined, and future trends predicted using time series analysis. Results indicated that the second, third, and fourth age classes comprised the majority, representing 63%-86% of individuals, suggesting a growing population with an irregular pyramid-like structure. However, some age classes show decline, with weak growth rates, high sensitivity to external disturbances, and low stability. With increasing age, standardized survival numbers declined, mortality rates rose, and survival curves approximated the Deevey Type II pattern. Without intervention, the population is projected to face serious reductions as individuals age, potentially leading to extinction. Thus, we recommend minimizing human interference, implementing targeted protection strategies, increasing research and education, and promoting natural renewal through seedling propagation and artificial cultivation.